Means+Article

=Technology's Role in C & I....=


 * instructional designers began with learning objectives
 * key assumption = higher level skills build on lower-level facts/skills (behaviorist)
 * curriculum designers did not prioritize concepts, didn’t try to link them or stress importance of the concepts
 * 1st computer based learning was drill & practice
 * 1988 - $$ available to change type of computer learning
 * collaboration
 * reflection
 * communication
 * to use techniques that have Sts exploring their learning (St-centered) & constructing knowledge (constructivist)
 * 1st developers did not worry about curriculum match
 * AI Educational applications
 * More tutor like, less exploratory, less fun
 * In 1980’s computers were used for enrichment or for struggling Sts…still mostly so today
 * Technology not the main instructional tool in academic areas
 * Mostly used in vocational education
 * More recently, trying to combine technology (productivity tools) into core curriculum
 * Teachers say
 * Technology is not useful
 * Lack of good software
 * Content compatibility is important (standardized tests…)
 * They lack confidence to use technology, not comfortable with it
 * Issues of time
 * Scheduling lab time & having to go to the lab
 * Lack of time (biggest issue)
 * No time to learn about technology
 * To combat this/get teachers to use the technology, R&D started
 * Working w/ Ts
 * Create software related to curriculum
 * Doing research in classes, not labs
 * Create technology in combination w/ paper based tasks
 * Tech combined with off-line learning
 * Technology Supports for Curriculum
 * To test/assess
 * Marks programs
 * Software to support St learning
 * Problem that gov’t says technology should be used but then requires standardized testing which prevents T’s from using the technology
 * Development of technology
 * Should be curriculum related
 * Should include Ts in the design of technology